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Spring viremia of carp

Spring viremia of carp

Symptoms

Abdomen swollen
Lower body of fish is bloated and swollen to a considerable degree.
Fish gather at water inlets
Fish can be seen in ponds crowding around the water inlets.
Seasonal change of temperature
The water has changed in temperature due to normal seasonal variation.
Haemorrhages - fins
Fins are bleeding.
Haemorrhages - skin
Bloody haemorrhages are apparent over several parts of the skin.
Haemorrhagic Eyes
Eyes are shot with bloody lines.
Listless and lethargic
Fish moves very lazily in water, much less than normal, lacks interest.
Loss of balance
Fish keeps falling from its attempted swimming pattern.
Subepithelial petechiae
Small bloody red dots or effusions, evident below skin.
Exophthalmia - bilateral
Both eyeballs of fish are protruding.
Respiration slow
Fish's breathing is obviously slower than normal.
Streamers
Long banner-like white "streamers" flow out from body.
Hanging at surface
Fish stays at water surface all the time.
Scales protruding
The scales are raised outwardly protruding.
Sits on bottom
Fish sits still in upright position, on the bottom of tank or pond.
Dark body colouration
The colours of the fish are darkened beyond their normal shade.
Emaciation
Fish is fading away, looks as if it is starving to death.
Faded colours
Colour of body has a washed out look.
Temperature elevated
Temperature is higher than the normal for these fish, or usual temperature

Causes

Viral infection, by virus Rhabdovirus carpio. This disease acts as one part of the disease. the other being a bacteria viz. Aeromonas sp. Transmittion through the water into the gills. Also some parasites act as vectors.

Prognosis

Highly infectious. Poor outlook. Mortality typically from 30%-40% can be up to 90%.

Treatment

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Prevention


DNA and RNA diagnostic references

Molecular Analysis of Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus in China: A fatal aquatic viral disease that might spread in East Asia. 

From doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone 006337 

Nian Zhi Zhang et al. 
Dept. Microbiology & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural
University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 

Contributors

Dr. Dixon, Peter
Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries & Food
Fish Disease Laboratory.
Weymouth  UK

Peter Dixon has been a research worker in the fields of fish and shellfish virology since 1976. He has been involved in many different aspects of virology including vaccine studies, diagnostic methods and the host-virus relationship, particularly factors

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