Swollen abdomen (edema) (Ascites)

Symptoms

Abdomen swollen
Lower body of fish is bloated and swollen to a considerable degree.
Listless and lethargic
Fish moves very lazily in water, much less than normal, lacks interest.
Generalized petechiation
Scales protruding
The scales are raised outwardly protruding.
Reluctant to feed
Fish comes to eat but with evident lack of appetite.
Respiration rapid
Fish is breathing very fast, much faster than is normal.
Sits on bottom
Fish sits still in upright position, on the bottom of tank or pond.
Fins folded
The fins of the fish remain in a closed position due to discomfort.
Hiding abnormally
Fish hides behind rocks or suchlike, appearing seldom if ever.
Raised blister
Blister-like nodules appear above the skin.
Subepithelial petechiae
Small bloody red spots appear on fins.

Causes

Virus infection with secondary infection by Bacteria Aeromonas punctuate. Seldom if ever seen in Aquaculture or wild catches, as infected fish will typically die before they can be observed. 

Prognosis

Very difficult to treat successfully, infected fish should be immediately isolated, as disease is infectious. In Aquaria most affected species are Dwarf Gouramis, Bettas, & Black Mollies. Koi and other pond fish are often affected. Carp edema virus can cause high losses in ornamental species of carp as well as edible varieties such as Cyprinus carpio. 

Treatment

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Prevention

To prevent spread of disease best method is to take any infected fish and place them in a quarantine tank. Water in main tank and quarantine unit, should have ultra violet filtration to contain spread of bacteria, and all water parameters should be checked carefully and regular water changes should be done at least rice weekly for about 1/3rd of the tanks capacity. Always ensure new water is similar to old. 


DNA and RNA diagnostic references
Carp Edema Virus Disease (CEVD) / Koi Sleepy Disease (KSD)

From IFAS Extension Univ. of Florida. Oct. 2015. 

Shohreh Hesami et al. 

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