Vitamin A1/A2 deficiency (Retinol Deficiency)

Symptoms

Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine.

Eye cataracts

Stops feeding
Fish often stop feeding entirely

Stunted growth
Juvenile fish fail to grow at normal rates or develop adult colouration

Xeropthalmia
Ulceration of the cornea of the eyes is evident.

Blindness
A typical symptom of Crytobia is blindness, most noticeably fish swimming into objects.

Hyperaemia - fin base only
Excess of blood at base of fin.

Skin lesions
Lots of small lesions appear on the skin

Cloudy Eyes
Total area of eyes becomes clouded.

Exophthalmia - bilateral
Both eyeballs of fish are protruding.

Ulceration of the cornea

Exopthalmia - unilateral
One eyeball of the fish is protruding.

Generalized oedema
Body is swollen all over giving balloon-like appearance to fish.

Causes

Lack of Vitamin A1 in saltwater or A2 in freshwater. Most reported cases come from channel catfish culture. These fish are especially susceptible. This is more common than one imagines, as Vitamin A in food deteriorates over time.

Prognosis

If analysed correctly the outlook is good, but only for those fish that have not been too badly affected.

Treatment

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Vitamin A1/A2 deficiency (Retinol Deficiency)

Symptoms

Causes

Prognosis

Treatment

Pictures

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